Akhirnya Pengadilan Tingkat Nasional Muiai Menyidangkan, Kejahatan Terbesar: "Genosida"

Abstract

The 1948 Genocide  Convention contemplates prosecution  by the national courts of the  territory where  the crime  took place,  and by an international criminal court. The  drafters of  the  Convention meant   to exclude universal jurisdiction, although courts  have since  tended   to interpret Article  VI of the Convention as being  merely permissive, and in no way a prohibition of universal jurisdiction. Finally,  within  the past  decade, the  national courts  of  the  territory  where  genocide was committed, other  national courts  and the international tribunals  created  by the Security Council have  undertaken genocide prosecutions. Alongside the activities of  the  two ad hoc  international tribunals,   national courts  in Rwanda,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina, Croatia  and  Kosovo  have  held  trials  based  on  the provisions of  the  Convention. The  Rwandan trials now  number in the  thousands, but  those  in the other  jurisdictions  have  been  essentially symbolic.  As for  universal  jurisdiction, the  mere  handful  of genocide prosecutions {for instance in Germany,  Switzerland, and Belgium) show  that  it can fill  the gaps  in the Convention. The problems appear  to be political rather  than judicial.